What States Have The Most Registered Gun Owners

The ammunition used in guns is what renders firearms truly lethal—yet ammunition sales are not subject to the same federal regulations as firearms themselves.

In nearly states ammunition can be bought online or in person with nil oversight. Ammunition background checks, minimum historic period laws, and other commonsense policies regulating the sale and transfer of ammunition are important ways to keep mortiferous power away from those who threaten the safe of others.

Background

Without ammunition, firearms are no more than dangerous than any blunt object, causing some scholars to refer to ammunition as the "actual agent of harm" in gun violence.¹

Ammunition Largely Unregulated

While firearm sales are subject to diverse federal restrictions, however, ammunition sales are not. For instance, the following federal firearms laws do not apply to ammunition:

• Firearms sellers must by and large exist licensed as dealers;²
• People purchasing guns from licensed dealers must present ID and pass a groundwork bank check;
• Licensed dealers must retain records of gun sales;
• Handgun sales across state lines must be processed by a local seller;³ and
• High book handgun sales are regulated.⁴

Mass Shootings

The absenteeism of federal ammunition regulations drew national attention in the wake of the 2012 mass shooting at a picture palace in Aurora, Colorado, which left 12 people dead and 58 injured. While the shooter purchased his firearms at local gun stores, he ordered his ammunition enshroud—3,000 rounds each of handgun and rifle ammunition and 350 shotgun shells, equally well every bit a 100-round magazine—from online retailers over the course of several months prior to the shooting.⁵

Local Laws

Laws regulating the buy and possession of ammunition assist limit access by dangerous individuals. Law enforcement agencies in Sacramento and Los Angeles, California, for example, successfully used local armament recordkeeping ordinances to identify and prosecute criminals past comparing records of ammunition sales against records from California's database identifying people convicted of felonies and other prohibited people.

Betwixt Jan 16 and December 31, 2008, the Sacramento ordinance led to the identification of 156 prohibited persons who had purchased ammunition (124 of whom had prior felony convictions), 48 search warrants, and 26 additional probation or parole searches. In add-on, the ordinance led to 109 felony charges, 10 federal court indictments, 37 felony convictions, and 17 misdemeanor convictions. The law allowed police force enforcement to seize a total of 84 firearms, including vii attack weapons, and thousands of rounds of ammunition.^six

Similarly, the Los Angeles ordinance led to xxx investigations, xv search warrants, 9 arrests, and the confiscation of 24 handguns, 12 shotguns, and nine rifles that were illegally possessed betwixt 2004 and the get-go half of 2006. Information technology also resulted in 39 investigations in 2007, and at least 24 investigations in 2008.⁷ A two-month report of Los Angeles' ordinance institute that prohibited purchasers accounted for near 3% of all ammunition purchasers over this period, acquiring roughly ten,000 rounds of ammunition. The report noted that a background bank check at the time of the transaction would have largely eliminated sales at retail outlets to these individuals.^viii For further details, see the description of Sacramento's ordinance below.

Trafficking to United mexican states

The lack of strong ammunition laws in the United States also substantially impedes efforts to terminate ammunition trafficking to Mexico. As one study explained, "because rounds of armament, different firearms[,] can just exist used once and accept a relatively shorter life bridge, [drug trafficking organizations] engaging in fighting are oft in constant demand of more than rounds. Equally such, ammunition poses simply equally much or more of a threat to Mexican authorities and civilians" equally firearms.⁹

Public Support

Americans support laws regulating ammunition sales.A survey conducted by The New York Times in 2016 plant that 73% of respondents supported laws requiring groundwork checks on purchasers of ammunition and 64% support limits on purchases of ammunition.¹⁰

Unusually Dangerous Ammunition

Moreover, certain types of ammunition, such equally armor-piercing handgun ammunition, l caliber rounds, and Black Talon bullets, pose a particular danger to the public and to law enforcement, and serve no legitimate sporting purpose. Strict controls on the manufacture, transfer, and possession of these types of armament tin assist promote public safe. Farther details most particular types of ammunition are included in the country law section below.

Serialization and Microstamping

Ammunition serialization is a law enforcement tool that could assist in solving gun-related crimes. A system implementing ammunition serialization or coding would require manufacturers to postage stamp a unique microscopic code or serial number on all bullets and cartridge cases.¹¹ At the time of purchase, the code or serial number would be recorded along with the purchaser'due south information past a licensed dealer. Later, when a bullet or cartridge example is found at a crime scene, the bullet or spent cartridge could exist quickly traced back to the purchaser. This would aid police force enforcement investigations into shooting crimes and deter the use of guns in these crimes.

Microstamping laws, which require all firearms to be designed so that they each imprint a unique alpha-numeric code on the cartridge case when they are fired, are as well an excellent police enforcement tool. California's microstamping law went into consequence on May 17, 2013. For more information, see our summary on Microstamping & Ballistics.

Summary of Federal Police

For decades, federal constabulary regulated firearms and ammunition similarly.¹²

While none of these provisions has been reenacted by Congress, several proposals to regulate ammunition, including some that would require groundwork checks, impose taxes on ammunition sales, or crave sellers to report the sale of a certain book of armament to unmarried purchaser, accept been introduced over the past several decades. In the wake of the Aurora shooting, Senator Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ) and Representative Carolyn McCarthy (D-NY) introduced legislation to restore federal regulation of ammunition sales. The Cease Online Ammunition Sales Deed would require ammunition dealers to exist licensed and to maintain ammunition sales records. Nether the proposal, dealers would as well be obligated to report big volume sales and buyers would be required to present photo identification when purchasing armament.¹³ Now, nevertheless, federal constabulary governing ammunition is limited to a prohibition on sales to and purchases by sure categories of persons, and a prohibition on the industry, importation, and sale of armor-piercing ammunition.

Prohibited Purchasers

Federal prohibited purchaser categories for firearms also utilize to ammunition. For a list of these categories, see our summary on Categories of Prohibited People. Federal police does not require ammunition sellers to comport background checks to determine if a prospective ammunition purchaser falls into a prohibited category, notwithstanding.

Minimum Historic period

Federal minimum historic period laws governing firearms too utilize to ammunition used for those firearms. For further details, run into our summary on the Minimum Age to Purchase & Possess. Federal law does non require armament sellers to verify that a prospective purchaser is of legal historic period to buy or possess ammunition.

Licensing

Federal law requires any person engaged in importing or manufacturing ammunition to obtain a license from the Attorney General.^xiv Federal law also requires anyone engaged in the business organisation of importing, manufacturing, or selling firearms to obtain a license.¹⁵ For the information about the licensing of firearms dealers, see our summary on Gun Dealers. Federal constabulary does not require a license to sell, buy, or possess armament.

Armor-Piercing Ammunition

Federal law prohibits the manufacture, importation, auction, or commitment of armor-piercing ammunition, with very express exceptions.^xvi Licensed dealers are prohibited from "willfully" transferring armor-piercing armament.¹⁷ Federally licensed dealers, to the extent they may transfer armor-piercing ammunition, must keep a record of whatsoever transfer.^xviii

Armor-piercing ammunition, sometimes referred to every bit metallic-piercing ammunition, is ammunition that is designed primarily to penetrate metallic or armor, including trunk armor usually worn by police force officers. Under federal law, armor-piercing ammunition is defined as any projectile or projectile core that may be used in a handgun and that is constructed entirely from one or a combination of tungsten alloys, steel, iron, brass, bronze, beryllium copper, or depleted uranium.^nineteen In addition, armor-piercing ammunition is defined as a full jacketed projectile "larger than .22 caliber designed and intended for use in a handgun and whose jacket has a weight of more than 25% of the total weight of the projectile."^xx

Summary of Country Constabulary

Vi states have enacted laws regulating ammunition sales and requiring purchasers to pass a background check in order to buy ammunition. Two states, California and New York, have passed laws requiring point-of-auction groundwork checks on armament purchasers, in a manner similar to background checks conducted on firearm purchasers. Four other states (Connecticut, Illinois, Massachusetts, and New Bailiwick of jersey) require individuals to obtain a relevant license or permit, after passing a background check, in club to purchase or possess at to the lowest degree some types of ammunition.

Additional states restrict access to ammunition by certain categories of dangerous people or people nether a certain age.

Background Check and Licensing Requirements

New York enacted a groundbreaking law in 2013 to require every "commercial transfer" of ammunition, including sales by firearms dealers and other ammunition vendors, to be preceded by a background check through a statewide license and record database. The law volition get constructive 30 days afterwards the State Law certify that the statewide database is operational.²¹

In November 2016, California voters overwhelmingly approved Proposition 63, which included a requirement that ammunition sellers to conduct indicate of sale groundwork checks beginning in July 2019.²² California'south law generally requires all ammunition sales, including mail order sales and sales between unlicensed parties, to exist processed by or conducted through a licensed armament vendor who will conduct the background check.²³ Annotation that the California state chapter of the National Rifle Clan has brought litigation to try to block the implementation of Proposition 63's requirement that ammunition sales go on through licensed vendors who conduct a background check.²⁴

Four states (Connecticut, Illinois, Massachusetts, and New Bailiwick of jersey) require individuals to obtain a license to purchase or possess at least some types of ammunition and require license applicants to pass a background check in society to qualify for the license. Illinois requires residents to obtain a valid Firearm Owner's Identification (FOID) card earlier they tin can lawfully purchase or possess firearms or ammunition.²⁵ Massachusetts besides requires a firearm let or license to purchase or possess ammunition, with unlike types of licenses entitling the holder to purchase and possess unlike kinds of armament.²⁶ New Jersey mostly prohibits whatsoever person from acquiring any handgun armament unless the person presents a valid firearms purchaser identification carte or a permit to purchase a handgun.²⁷ In 2013, Connecticut enacted a law that authorizes a country agency to issue "ammunition certificates," and prohibits the sale or transfer of ammunition unless the transferee presents a firearms purchase or carry let or an ammunition certificate. Ammunition certificates are issued by the state later on a background check, and must be renewed every five years.²⁸

DC also generally prohibits the possession of armament unless the person is at a firearm safety class or possesses a registration certificate for a firearm. Licensed dealers may generally transfer ammunition only to the registered possessor of a firearm of the aforementioned quotient or gauge as the ammunition, or to a nonresident of the District who provides proof that the weapon is lawfully possessed and is of the aforementioned gauge or caliber equally the ammunition to be purchased.²⁹

For further data well-nigh these and other laws requiring gun owners or purchasers to obtain a license, see our summary on Licensing.

Ammunition Sale Regulations

• California
• Connecticut
• District of Columbia
• Maryland
• Massachusetts
• Minnesota
• New Jersey (through administrative regulations)^thirty
• New York
• Washington

Licensing requirements

Every bit described higher up, California's new law will generally require ammunition vendors to obtain a license in order to sell ammunition, starting in January 2018.³¹ Massachusetts requires anyone selling ammunition to obtain a license,³² and DC requires all persons who regularly appoint in the business of selling ammunition to obtain a license.³³ New York requires anyone engaged in the business of selling ammunition to annals with the State Police, unless he or she already has a firearms dealer license.³⁴ Washington requires firearms dealers to obtain a license to transfer firearms and ammunition,³⁵ and Maryland requires whatsoever person engaging in the business of "loading or reloading small arms armament" to obtain a license.³⁶

Record-keeping requirements

Kickoff July ane, 2019, licensed ammunition vendors in California will exist required to process ammunition sales and to report sale records to the state department of justice, which volition maintain a database of ammunition sale records.³⁷ DC requires ammunition dealers to keep a tape of all armament received into inventory and/or sold or transferred, including the make and number of rounds of each caliber or gauge and the registration certificate number of the firearm for which the armament is purchased. The records are subject to inspection past the police department on need. All transfers must exist made in person, and the purchaser is also required to sign a receipt which is maintained by the dealer for one year.³⁸ An administrative regulation in New Jersey requires ammunition sellers to create and maintain records of ammunition sales.³⁹ The law that New York enacted in 2013 also imposes a sales record-keeping requirement regarding all ammunition, and requires that records of ammunition sales be transmitted to the State Constabulary, which may maintain these records for up to 1 year.^xl

Store display and accessibility restrictions

DC prohibits licensed ammunition dealers from displaying any ammunition in windows visible from a street or sidewalk, and all ammunition must exist kept in a deeply locked place except when existence shown to a customer.⁴¹ Minnesota prohibits the display of centerfire metallic-case handgun ammunition for sale to the public in a manner that makes the armament directly accessible to persons under historic period 18, unless the display is nether ascertainment of the seller or the seller'south employee or agent, or the seller takes reasonable steps to exclude underage persons from the immediate vicinity of the display.⁴² California police will also prohibit licensed vendors from displaying ammunition in a style that allows it to be accessible to the public without the aid of an employee.⁴³

Other Requirements: In California, licensed armament vendors volition be required to report the loss or theft of any armament from their inventory to law enforcement,⁴⁴ and employees will be required to pass a background bank check in social club to handle or sell ammunition.⁴⁵

Country Laws Restricting Admission to Ammunition by Certain Categories of People

The post-obit jurisdictions limit access to ammunition by certain categories of people.⁴⁶ These laws vary in their arroyo, with some states only prohibiting someone from knowingly providing ammunition to these individuals, and other states generally prohibiting the purchase or possession of armament by these individuals.

The following states restrict access to ammunition past almost or all people who cannot possess firearms.
States with an * have stronger eligibility criteria for firearm possession than for ammunition possession

Three states restrict ammunition access for additional people:

• California (People subject field to an injunction as a fellow member of a criminal street gang)⁶⁵
• Missouri (Intoxicated people)⁶⁶
• Tennessee (Intoxicated people)⁶⁷

See our summary on Categories of Prohibited People for more data on the categories of people ineligible to purchase or possess firearms.

State Laws Imposing a Minimum Age Regarding Armament

The following jurisdictions impose a minimum age regarding ammunition. These state laws generally accept exceptions for minors who have the consent of a parent or guardian. Like the laws mentioned above, these laws vary in their approach, with some states merely prohibiting someone from knowingly providing ammunition to underage individuals, and other states generally prohibiting the purchase or possession of ammunition by underage individuals.

State Minimum Age Laws for Ammunition

State	Minimum Age for Purchase/Possession of Ammunition	Applies to Ammunition for …
Arizona68	18	All firearms
California69	21 18	Handguns Long guns
Connecticut70	18	All firearms
Delaware71	18	All firearms
District of Columbia72	21	All firearms
Idaho73	16	All firearms
Illinois74	21	All firearms
Iowa75	21 18	Handguns Long guns
Maine76	16	All firearms
Maryland77	21 18	Handguns or assault weapons Long guns
Massachusetts78	21 18	Handguns or large capacity weapons Long guns
Minnesota79	18	All firearms
New Hampshire fourscore	16	All firearms
New Jersey 81	21	Handguns
New York 82	21 16	Handguns All firearms
Rhode Isle 83	18	All firearms
Vermont 84	16	All firearms

To compare this chart with like laws restricting underage people from access to firearms, see our summary on the Minimum Age to Purchase & Possess.

State Laws Regulating Certain Types of Unreasonably Dangerous Armament

Many states regulate the sale, purchase, possession, employ, industry, importation, and/or transportation of certain types of ammunition that pose particular threats to public rubber and serve no reasonable hunting, target shooting, or self-defence purpose.

Armor-Piercing Ammunition

The following states and DC ban the manufacture, transfer, buy, and/or possession of armor-piercing or metallic-piercing ammunition, normally defined as ammunition fabricated of specific materials and designed to be fired in a handgun and to penetrate metallic or armor, including trunk armor usually worn by police officers.

Additional states criminalize, or provide enhanced sentences for, the use or possession of armor-piercing ammunition in the commission or attempted committee of crimes, or criminalize the discharge, but not the sale or possession, of armor-piercing ammunition.

Other Unusually Dangerous Ammunition

As described below, certain states have enacted laws prohibiting the following kinds of unusually dangerous ammunition:

• Large Quotient Ammunition: DC prohibits the sale or possession of armament for a fifty quotient rifle.¹⁰⁶ Connecticut bans distribution, transportation or importation into the country, keeping or offering for sale, or giving away of any incendiary 50 quotient bullet, defined equally a fifty caliber bullet designed for or generally recognized equally having a specialized capability to ignite upon bear on.¹⁰⁷ California prohibits any person, house, or corporation from selling, offer for sale, possessing, or knowingly transporting any stock-still ammunition greater than 60 caliber.¹⁰⁸ For more than information about large caliber firearms, see our summary on Machine Guns & l Quotient.
• Exploding Ammunition: ¹⁰⁹ Eight states (California,¹¹⁰ Florida,¹¹¹ Hawaii,¹¹² Illinois,¹¹³ Iowa,¹¹⁴ Missouri,¹¹⁵ New York,¹¹⁶ and Tennessee¹¹⁷ ) prohibit the industry, transfer, purchase, and/or possession of bullets or projectiles that are designed to explode, segment or detonate upon bear on with a target.
• Flechette Ammunition: Three states (California,¹¹⁸ Florida,¹¹⁹ and Illinois¹²⁰ ) prohibit the manufacture, transfer, purchase, and/or possession of flechette ammunition, which are shells that expel 2 or more than pieces of solid metal wire, or two or more solid dart-type projectiles.
• Dragon's Breath & Bolo Beat out Ammunition: Three states, Florida, Illinois, and Iowa, prohibit the manufacture, transfer, buy, and/or possession of dragon's jiff ammunition. Dragon's breath ammunition is a blazon of shotgun beat that contains exothermic pyrophoric mesh metal as the projectile and that is designed for the sole purpose of throwing or spewing a flame or fireball to simulate a flamethrower.¹²¹ Florida and Illinois also prohibit the sale or possession of bolo shells. A bolo beat is another type of shotgun shell that expels every bit projectiles 2 or more metal assurance continued by solid metal wire.¹²²
• Hollow Olfactory organ or Dum-Dum Armament: ¹²³ New Bailiwick of jersey prohibits hollow olfactory organ or dum-dum ammunition, which are terms associated with bullets designed to expand on impact. New Jersey generally prohibits possession of any hollow nose or dum-dum bullet except in one'south domicile.¹²⁴ These terms are not specifically defined under New Jersey law.

Other Country Laws Regulating Armament

Various other land laws regulating ammunition are discussed throughout this website. Most land laws addressing firearms fail to accost armament. Where country ammunition laws exercise exist, however, these laws oftentimes mirror states laws regarding firearms. For example, our summary on Domestic Violence & Firearms details laws that restrict access to ammunition by certain people convicted of, or subject to restraining orders for, domestic abuse. As detailed in our summary on Preemption of Local Laws, many state laws limiting local authority to regulate firearms likewise limit local authority to regulate armament.

Become THE FACTS

Gun violence is a complex problem, and while there's no one-size-fits-all solution, we must act. Our reports bring yous the latest cutting-edge inquiry and assay near strategies to terminate our state's gun violence crisis at every level.

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Selected Local Constabulary

Sacramento, California

In 2007, the Urban center of Sacramento enacted an ordinance requiring sellers of ammunition to tape data about each ammunition purchaser, including his or her thumbprint, and to electronically transmit this information to the Sacramento Constabulary Department ("SPD").¹²⁵ SPD cross-references the data in these records with data in a state database identifying people prohibited from possessing firearms. In August 2008, SPD issued a report regarding implementation of this ordinance, stating that SPD "has successfully utilized the information obtained to arrest numerous persons for firearms violations and seize dozens of illegally possessed weapons."¹²⁶ The report also noted that the ordinance "does not preclude or delay a sale of ammunition at the point of auction," and the electronic system for transfer of purchaser information has proven to be secure, constructive, and reliable.¹²⁷ Then, in January 2009, SPD compiled yearlong data regarding the effects of the ordinance. SPD institute that, in 2008, the ordinance led to the identification of 156 persons illegally purchasing ammunition, including 124 bedevilled people convicted of felonies, the seizure of 84 firearms, and numerous criminal convictions.¹²⁸ Sixteen other communities in California have enacted similar ordinances.

Key Legislative Elements

The features listed beneath are intended to provide a framework from which policy options may be considered. A jurisdiction considering new legislation should consult with counsel.

• Ammunition dealers are required to conduct a groundwork cheque on all purchasers to ensure that ammunition is not sold to prohibited persons(California, New York).
• License is required for purchase and possession of ammunition(Illinois, Massachusetts, and DC), and possession of armament is limited to the quotient of firearm the person is licensed to possess(DC).
• All ammunition sellers are required to exist licensed (California, Massachusetts).
• Ammunition sellers are required to maintain records of all ammunition sales, and brand such data bachelor to police enforcement(California, New York, and DC).
• Ammunition sellers are required to take security precautions to reduce the risk of theft(Minnesota and DC).
• People prohibited from purchasing or possessing firearms are also prohibited from purchasing or possessing armament(8 states and DC).
• Minimum age of 21 is imposed for buy or possession of handgun armament;(7 states and DC)minimum age of 18 is imposed for buy or possession of long gun ammunition(10 states and DC).
• Industry, transfer, buy and possession of specific types of unreasonably dangerous ammunition are prohibited (24 states and DC).
• Ammunition must be stored in a locked container separate from firearms when not in use in the dwelling.

Universal Background Checks

Universal groundwork checks are essential to close mortiferous loopholes in our laws that allow millions of guns to terminate upwards in the easily of individuals at an elevated risk of committing violence each year.

Large Capacity Magazines

Big capacity magazines are oft used in mass shootings because they allow a shooter to keep firing for longer periods of fourth dimension, increasing casualties and reducing victims' ability to escape or intervene.

Trafficking & Straw Purchasing

Gun trafficking and straw purchasing dangerously undermine states' gun safety laws and bulldoze the illegal firearms market.

1. George Eastward. Tita et al.,The Criminal Buy of Firearm Armament, 12 Inj. Prev. 308, 308 (Oct. 2006), at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2563465/pdf/308.pdf.[↩]
2. Unfortunately, most of the federal restrictions for firearms sales by licensed dealers do not also apply to sales by private sellers. See our summary on Universal Groundwork Checks for more information on this dangerous loophole.[↩]
3. Nether federal police force, a handgun purchased over the Cyberspace or via mail-order from a seller in a different state must be shipped to a dealer in the purchaser's home state. A person may purchase or otherwise acquire a rifle or shotgun, in person, at a licensee'southward premises in any land, provided the sale complies with state laws applicable in the country of sale and the state where the purchaser resides. A person may borrow or rent a firearm in any state for temporary use for lawful sporting purposes. 18 U.S.C § 922(a)(3), (five), (b)(iii).[↩]
4. Federal law requires federally licensed dealers to report multiple sales of handguns to ATF and other specified police force enforcement agencies. 18 United states of americaC. § 923(g)(3).[↩]
5. SeeLaw Heart to Forestall Gun Violence,America'south Ammunition Crisis: Few Laws Exist to Prevent Purchases by Dangerous People Online and in Stores, July 30, 2012, at https://giffords.org/americas-armament-crisis-few-laws-exist-to-forbid-purchases-by-dangerous-people-online-and-in-stores/.[↩]
6. For further details come across the description of Sacramento'southward ordinance as a "Selected Local Police" above.[↩]
7. Id. at 10-xi.[↩]
8. The Criminal Purchase of Firearm Ammunition, supra note 1, at 310.[↩]
9. Colby Goodman & Michel Marizco,US Firearms Trafficking to United mexican states: New Data and Insights Illuminate Key Trends and Challenges,inShared Responsibility: U.s.-Mexico Policy Options for Confronting Organized Criminal offense198 (Eric L. Olson, David A. Shirk & Andrew Selee eds., 2010) , at http://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Shared%20Responsibility%2012.22.x.pdf.[↩]
10. Margot Sanger-Katz and Quoctrung Bui. "How to Reduce Mass Shooting Deaths? Experts Rank Gun Laws." The New York Times. October five, 2017 https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/10/05/issue/how-to-reduce-mass-shooting-deaths-experts-say-these-gun-laws-could-help.html?mtrref=www.latimes.com&assetType=PAYWALL .[↩]
11. James P. Sweeney,Lockyer Wants Handgun Ammo Branded, San Diego Union-Tribune, Oct. 6, 2004, at A-one.See also Jeremiah Marquez,Calif. AG Wants ID Codes on Handgun Ammo, Associated Press Online, Oct. 8, 2004.[↩]
12. The federal Gun Control Act of 1968 imposed a series of regulations on ammunition manufacturers, dealers and purchasers—including dealer licensing and recordkeeping requirements, as well as a ban on interstate mail-social club sales—only nearly of these provisions were repealed by Congress in 1986 at the behest of the NRA.((Gun Control Act of 1968, Pub. L. No. 90-618, 82 Stat. 1213; Firearms Owners' Protection Act, 99 Pub. L. No. 308, 100 Stat. 449 (1986).[↩]
13. Constabulary Center to Preclude Gun Violence,America's Armament Crunch: Few Laws Exist to Prevent Purchases by Dangerous People Online and in Stores, July thirty, 2012, at https://giffords.org/americas-ammunition-crisis-few-laws-be-to-prevent-purchases-by-dangerous-people-online-and-in-stores/. After the shooting at Sandy Hook Unproblematic School, Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) also introduced legislation requiring ammunition purchasers to pass background checks, in improver to reinstating the currently-repealed armament provisions of the Gun Control Act of 1968.[↩]
14. 18 U.S.C. § 923(a).[↩]
15. Id.[↩]
16. eighteen U.South.C. §§ 921(a)(17), 922(a)(vii), (8); 27 C.F.R. § 478.37. Specific exceptions be for armor-piercing ammunition that is manufactured for certain federal and state regime divisions, exportation, or testing. eighteen U.s.a.C. §§ 921(a)(17)(C), 922(a)(vii), 922(a)(eight); 27 C.F.R. § 478.37. The Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) may also exempt certain armor-piercing ammunition primarily intended for sporting or industrial purposes. 27 C.F.R. § 478.148.[↩]
17. See 27 C.F.R. § 478.99.[↩]
18. 18 U.S.C. § 922(b)(5).[↩]
19. eighteen UsaC. § 921(a)(17); 27 C.F.R. § 478.11.[↩]
20. Id.  The Attorney General is required to replenish information to each licensed dealer defining which projectiles are considered armor-piercing armament every bit divers in 18 UsaC. § 921(a)(17)(B). eighteen U.S.C. § 923(1000). The federal definition of armor-piercing armament, which is based on its content and weight, rather than on the ammunition'south bodily functioning against body armor, has been criticized because it fails to halt the manufacture and sale of all types of ammunition that can penetrate body armor. Violence Policy Center,Sitting Ducks: The Threat to the Chemical and Refinery Manufacture From 50 Caliber Sniper Rifles 20 (Aug. 2002),available at http://www.vpc.org/studies/duckcont.htm.Come across also Violence Policy Center,Vest Buster:  The .500 Smith & Wesson Magnum – The Gun Industry's Latest Challenge to Constabulary Enforcement Body Armor 25 (June 2004),available at http://world wide web.vpc.org/graphics/S&W500%20final.pdf. The existing ban on armor-piercing armament tin be made more effective by adopting performance standards that require armament to be tested for its ability to penetrate bullet-resistant vests and torso armor, as opposed to the existing standard based on the bullet'south content.Sitting Ducks, supra.  International Association of Chiefs of Police,Taking a Stand up:  Reducing Gun Violence in Our Communities 27 (Sept. 2007).[↩]
21. N.Y. Penal Law § 400.03.[↩]
22. Cal. Penal Lawmaking §§ 30352(c), 30352(d), 30370.[↩]
23. Id.[↩]
24. While the NRA was temporarily successful in blocking armament background checks, the background check process was reinstated later an appeals courtroom rejected the NRA'south legal arguments in a preliminary ruling. Meet Rhode v. Becerra, No. 20-55437, 2020 U.S. App. LEXIS 15525 (9th Cir. May 14, 2020). Equally of October 2020, the appeals court has yet to upshot a final ruling on the NRA'due south endeavor to block ammunition background checks in California.[↩]
25. 430 Ill. Comp. Stat. 65/2(a)(2), (b) 65/four, 65/8.[↩]
26. Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 140, §§ 129B, 129C, 131, 131A, 131E.[↩]
27. N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2C:58-3.iii.[↩]
28. Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 29-38n – 29-38p.[↩]
29. D.C. Code Ann. §§ vii-2505.02, 7-2506.01.[↩]
30. N.J. Admin. Code Title 13, Affiliate 54.[↩]
31. Cal. Penal Code § 30385.[↩]
32. Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 140, §§ 122B, 124.[↩]
33. D.C. Lawmaking Ann. §§ 7-2504.01 – 7-2504.08.[↩]
34. N.Y. Penal Law §§ 265.00(24), 400.03.[↩]
35. Wash. Rev. Lawmaking Ann. §§ 9.41.010, 9.41.110(iii). A 1994 opinion by the Washington Attorney General concluded that a person who sells armament but does non as well deal in firearms is not divers every bit a "dealer," and thus is not required to obtain a license under Launder. Rev. Code Ann. § 9.41.110. 1994 Op. Att'y Gen. Wash. No. 22 (Dec. 13, 1994), 1994 Wash. AG LEXIS 71.[↩]
36. Doctor. Lawmaking Ann., Pub. Safety § eleven-105(b)(one), (d).[↩]
37. Cal. Penal Lawmaking § 30352.[↩]
38. D.C. Code Ann. §§ 7-2504.01 – seven-2504.08, 7-2505.02. DC also prohibits the industry of ammunition. D.C. Lawmaking Ann. § 7-2504.01.[↩]
39. Northward.J. Admin. Code § 13:54-3.fourteen.[↩]
40. N.Y. Penal Constabulary § 400.03.[↩]
41. D.C. Lawmaking Ann. § 7-2504.07.[↩]
42. Minn. Stat. § 609.663.[↩]
43. Cal. Penal Code § 30350.[↩]
44. Cal. Penal Lawmaking § 30363.[↩]
45. Cal. Penal Code § 30347.[↩]
46. Federal law provides the minimum standards for the purchase or possession of ammunition. The transfer or possession of ammunition in all states is notwithstanding governed by federal law, unless a state has adopted stricter standards.[↩]
47. Cal. Penal Code § 30305.[↩]
48. Conn. Gen. Stat. §§ 29-38n – 29-38p.[↩]
49. Del. Code Ann. tit. 11 § 1448.[↩]
50. D.C. Code Ann. §§ 7-2505.02, 7-2506.01.[↩]
51. Fla. Stat. Ann. §§ 790.23 – 790.235.[↩]
52. Haw. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 134-seven.[↩]
53. 430 Ill. Comp. Stat. 65/ii, 65/8.[↩]
54. La. Rev. Stat. § 14:95.i.ii.[↩]
55. Md. Lawmaking Ann., Pub. Rubber § 5-133.1[↩]
56. Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 140, §§ 129B, 129C, 131, 131A, 131E.[↩]
57. Mich. Comp. Laws §§ 750.223(3), 750.224f. Michigan has stronger criteria for a person to obtain handgun buy license. Mich. Comp. Laws § 28.422(3).[↩]
58. Minn. Stat. § 624.713, subd. i, 1a, two.[↩]
59. Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 202.362(1).[↩]
60. Northward.J. Stat. Ann. §§ Due north.J. Stat. Ann. § 2C:39-7. An offense under New Jersey law just constitutes a "crime" if a sentence of imprisonment in excess of 6 months is authorized; See as well, North.J. Stat. § 2C:1-four.2C:58-3, 2C:58-three.3.[↩]
61. North.Y. Penal Constabulary §§ 265.05, N.Y. Penal Law § 270.00(5), 400.00. New York prohibits a firearms dealer from selling whatever armament designed exclusively for use in a handgun to a person not authorized to possess a handgun. N.Y. Penal Law § 270.00(five). As noted above, even so, an entity may engage in the business of selling ammunition without a firearms dealer license, then long every bit information technology registers with the State Constabulary.[↩]
62. S.C. Lawmaking § sixteen-23-500. Southward Carolina has stronger criteria for the possession of handguns. Encounter S.C. Lawmaking Ann. § 16-23-30.[↩]
63. Tex. Penal Lawmaking Ann. § 46.06(a)(iii) – (4).[↩]
64. Va. Code § 18.two-308.ii. Virginia also prohibits the purchase or possession of firearms by additional categories. Va. Lawmaking §§ 18.ii-308.i:ane – 18.2-308.ane:v, 18.2-308.2 – 18.two-308.2:01(b).[↩]
65. Cal. Penal Code § 30305.[↩]
66. Mo. Rev. Stat. § 571.060.[↩]
67. Tenn. Lawmaking Ann. § 39-17-1303(a)(2).[↩]
68. Ariz. Rev. Stat. §§ i-215(22), 13-3109.[↩]
69. Cal. Penal Code §§ 16300, 29650-29655, 30300.[↩]
70. Conn. Gen. Stat. § 29-38n.[↩]
71. Del. Code Ann. tit. 11, § 1445(iv).[↩]
72. D.C. Code Ann. §§ 7-2502.01, 7-2502.03(a)(ane), 7-2502.06(a), vii-2505.02(d). People ages 18 to xx may obtain a registration certification for a firearm, and therefore become eligible to possess ammunition, in sure limited circumstances.Meet D.C. Code Ann. § 7-2502.03.[↩]
73. Idaho Code Ann. § 18-3308.[↩]
74. 430 Ill. Comp. Stat. 65/two, 65/4. People ages eighteen to xx may obtain a Firearm Owner's Identification Card, and therefore get eligible to possess ammunition, in certain limited circumstances.Meet430 Sick. Comp. Stat. 65/4.[↩]
75. Iowa Code § 724.22(1)-(5).[↩]
76. Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 17-a, § 554(1)(B).[↩]
77. Medico. Code Ann., Pub. Prophylactic § v-134(d).[↩]
78. Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 140, § 130.[↩]
79. Minn. Stat. § 609.66.[↩]
80. N.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 644:15.[↩]
81. N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2C:58-iii.3c.[↩]
82. N.Y. Penal Law §§ 265.05, N.Y. Penal Law § 270.00(5), 400.00. New York prohibits a firearms dealer from selling any armament designed exclusively for apply in a handgun to a person non authorized to possess a handgun. Northward.Y. Penal Law § 270.00(5).  A person under age 21 is not authorized to possess a handgun. N.Y. Penal Police § 400.00.  As noted above, withal, an entity may engage in the business concern of selling ammunition without a firearms dealer license, so long as it registers with the Land Constabulary.[↩]
83. R.I. Gen. Laws §§ xi-13-3(a), 11-47-31(a), 11-47-32.[↩]
84. Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. xiii, § 4007.[↩]
85. Ala. Code § 13A-11-lx.[↩]
86. Cal. Penal Code §§ 16660, 30315, 30320.[↩]
87. Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53-202l.[↩]
88. D.C. Code Ann. §§ 7-2501.01(13A), 7-2505.02, 7-2507.06(a)(iii).[↩]
89. Fla. Stat. § 790.31.[↩]
90. Haw. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 134-8.[↩]
91. 720 Ill. Comp. Stat. v/24-two.one, five/24-2.2.[↩]
92. Ind. Lawmaking Ann. § 35-47-5-11.[↩]
93. Kan. Stat. Ann. § 21-6301(a)(6).[↩]
94. Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 237.060(7), 237.080.[↩]
95. La. Rev. Stat. Ann. §§ 40:1810 – 40:1812.[↩]
96. Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 17-A, § 1056.[↩]
97. Mich. Comp. Laws § 750.224c.[↩]
98. Miss. Code Ann. § 97-37-31.[↩]
99. Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 202.273.[↩]
100. Northward.J. Stat. Ann. §§ 2C:39-iii(f), 2C:39-nine(f)(1).[↩]
101. N.C. Gen. Stat. § fourteen-34.3.[↩]
102. Okla. Stat. tit. 21, §§ 1289.xix – 1289.22.[↩]
103. R.I. Gen. Laws § eleven-47-20.one.[↩]
104. S.C. Code Ann. § 16-23-520.[↩]
105. Tex. Penal Lawmaking §§ 46.01(12), 46.05(a)(6).[↩]
106. D.C. Code Ann. §§ 7-2501.01(13A), 7-2505.02, 7-2507.06(a)(three).[↩]
107. Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53-202l.[↩]
108. Cal. Penal Code § 18735.[↩]
109. Exploding bullets, sometimes referred to as "frangible" bullets, are designed to explode, segment or detonate upon bear upon with a target. See GlobalSecurity.org, Military Munitions, Frangible Armament, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/munitions/frangible.htm concluding visited Dec. ix, 2013.[↩]
110. California Penal Lawmaking §§ 16460(a), 18710, 18730. California prohibits the possession, auction, offer for sale, or knowing transportation of a "destructive device," defined to include "[a]ny projectile containing any explosive or incendiary textile" and whatsoever "explosive missile." California Penal Code §§ 18900-18910 provide for the express issuance of permits to possess or ship any destructive device, issued at the discretion of the California Section of Justice.[↩]
111. Fla. Stat. § 790.31.[↩]
112. Haw. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 134-eight.[↩]
113. 720 Sick. Comp. Stat. 5/24-ane(a)(11); 720 Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/24-iii.1(a)(6).[↩]
114. Iowa Code §§ 724.1-724.3.[↩]
115. Mo. Rev. Stat. § 571.020.[↩]
116. North.Y. Penal Police § 265.01(seven).[↩]
117. Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-17-1304(b).[↩]
118. Cal. Penal Code §§ 16570, 30210.[↩]
119. Fla. Stat. § 790.31.[↩]
120. 720 Sick. Comp. Stat. 5/24-2.1, five/24-2.2.[↩]
121. SeeFla. Stat. Ann. § 790.31; Iowa Code §§ 724.i-724.3, 720 Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/24-2.1, 5/24-2.2.[↩]
122. SeeFla. Stat. Ann. § 790.31(ane)(e); 720 Ill. Comp. Stat. 5/24-2.ane, v/24-two.2.[↩]
123. Hollow nose, or hollow point, bullets have a crenel in the nose of the projectile, which causes the bullet to expand once it hits a target and inflict greater damage than a bullet without such a signal. Black Talon bullets are a notorious type of hollow betoken bullet that, despite much media attention, have not been regulated. Black Talon rounds are distinct from other hollow bespeak bullets because they possess a special barbed configuration designed to deploy on impact with a target and expand the size of wound tracts to maximize tissue trauma. Firearms Tactical Institute,Winchester Black Talon Revisited, Tactical Briefs #12 (Dec. 1998),at http://www.firearmstactical.com/briefs12.htm. Although Blackness Talons do non fit under the federal definition of armor-piercing ammunition, publicity about their dangers, including their use in the 101 California Street shooting in San Francisco in 1993, drove the manufacturer, Winchester, voluntarily to pull the bullets from the civilian market place and market Black Talons exclusively to police enforcement. Winchester is not legally barred from selling Black Talons on the civilian marketplace, however. Judy Pasternak,Column One; Taking Aim at Exotic Bullets; Lawmakers Move to Regulate the Ammunition Industry, as the Market Grows for Vicious Rounds Like Blammo Ammo. Merely Some Gun Experts & Police Say Such Controls Could be Duds,L.A. Times, January. 11, 1994, at A1, at http://articles.latimes.com/1994-01-eleven/news/mn-10677_1_ammunition-industry.[↩]
124. N.J. Stat. Ann. § 2C:39-iii(f).[↩]
125. Sacramento, Cal., City Lawmaking, Capacity 5.64, 5.66.[↩]
126. Sacramento Primary of Police force Rick Braziel et al.,Report to Quango, Ammunition Sales Records Study (Aug. 12, 2008), at  http://sacramento.granicus.com/MetaViewer.php?view_id=8&clip_id=1590&meta_id=155275.[↩]
127. Id. [↩]
128. These statistics were obtained from Captain Jim Maccoun, Office of Technical Services, Sacramento Police Department on January 27, 2009. For the statistics for the catamenia between January 16 and June 29, 2008, encounterid. [↩]

Source: https://giffords.org/lawcenter/gun-laws/policy-areas/hardware-ammunition/ammunition-regulation/

Posted by: freemanpinhould1981.blogspot.com

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